Driving-gear for metal-planers



F. E. CARDULLO.

DRIVING GEAR FOR METAL PLANERS. APPLICATION FILED APR. 15, 1.921..

Patenfed July 12, 1921.

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agwwy F. E. CARDUL'LO. DRIVING GEAR FOR METALPLANER'S.

APPLICATION FILED APR-15,1921.

Patented July 12, 1921.

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' /ka/f A Trap/yin F. E. CARDULLO. DRIVING GEAR FOR METAL PLANERS.

APPLICATION man APR. 15, 1921;

1 ,384, 382. Patented July 12, 1921.

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NJ M m 6a 4 TTOR/VEK F. E. CARDULLO.

nmvms GEAR FOR METAL PLANERS. APPLICATION FILED APR. I5, 1921.

1,384,382. Patented July 12, 1921.

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ATTOIF/VEK To all whom it may concern.

UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE.

ronnnsrnQuRnImpb, or cINcINNA'r oHIo, \ASSIGNOVR orr-Info. A. dear conrANY, or CINCINNATI, OHIO, AGORPORATION or 01110. I

3 nItIvINe- EAn'ron METAL-rLANnns."

Be it known that I, FORREST E. CAnnULLo, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented new and V 'useful Improvements in Driving-Gears for Metal-Planers, of which the following is a specification. I' i 1 My invention relates to improvements in metal planers gear for same.

spur gears, which are objectionable from.

the fact that when they are imperfectly cut or somewhat worn they give an irregular motion to thetable which causes so called "chatter marks on the work. Helical or herringbone gears whichgive great smoothness of action, may be employed; but helical gears produce heavy end thrusts in the shaftingg and side thrusts against the table,

while herringbone gearing requires a great deal of room and the gears and. racks are diflicult and expensive to manufacture and toattach.

The cutting tools employed in planing push the work in the direction in whichthe tools are fed. This, last mentionedforce is commonly called side, thrust. I Since the tools are usually fed away from the oper- I atingside of the machine (commonly called I the right hand side) this pushes the table Yffis rack is usually placed at the ceniter of the table, the cuttinggforce and the dr iying and particularly I driving.

the bull gears p t g t pinion by the split collar; metalnot' only] oppose the motion of, the work and tablefbut also tend to thrust "or Specification of Ietters Patent. Pate t d 12 Application filed April 15,1921, s riaiNo. 461,538. I

a torque tending torotate the table in a clockwisedirection when viewed from above, crowdmg the forward part of the table against the leftfihand faces of the ways and the rear part ofthetable against the right hand faces of the ways,' thus creating additional friction and wear.

My Invention employs helical gears so designed as to balance the end thrustsfresu1t- 'ing from the use of this type of gears, and

secures a very compact arrangement of the driving gears, equalizing the wearqon the gear teeth, balancing in, great measure the side thrust of the cutting tool and the torque caused by the action of the cutting tool.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawingsfln which a f Y I Figural is a perspective of a metal planer, part of the driving gears being shown in.

1 dotted lines, thefaction of the cutting tool being shown, and partof the bed cutaway;

"I Fig. 2 is a plan view ofthe gearing of a planer and attendant Fig. 3 is a plan view of an alternative form of such gearing; l

5 Fig. a is a partial axialfisection through Fig. 5 is an elevation of the ,bull gear; Fig. dis a plan view of the bull pinion; Fig. 7 is an axialsection'and side elevation of the split collar by which'the inter- 'med iate gear fixed to the bullfpinion; Fig. 8 1s a partial sectionof-the second intermediate gear which is fixed to the bull Fig. -9 is a partial section mediate pinion; 1

Fig. 10 isa' partial section of the first intermediate orinotor shaft pinion." v I t v H I t Refering now to the drawings (exclusive against the lefthand faces of the ways, and creates" an objectionable tendency tolift the j table. t Furthermore, since it is customary and desirable to place the .workclose to theoperating side ofthe table, and since the driving helical. y The work table of Fig.3); A is the housing,iB the railwith tool holders b andtool ,6, bed C with ways I etc; andwork table DwithVs'd, d adapt- .ed to reciprocate in said ways ,0, 0. respec f e flthi ble b n der h eme as t of the interpartsfwith all super 7 imposed. parts removed;

on the left side. Meshing with these racks 6Z2, (Z are twogears e, e ,;respect1vely, cut

'upon co-axialcylindricalsurfaces of'a uni-=- tary member E commonly called, the bull gear, rotatably on the shaft 6 The gear 6 is a: right hand helix andgear c is a left" helix isprefhand helix, and the-angle of erably about 23.

Left hand gear f and right hand gear f cutupon co-axial cylindrical surfaces of a unitary member F commonly called the bull pinion, rotatable on the shaft f mesh with the bulljgears 6,,6 respectively. Keyed to the member F between the gears f and f .is thesplit collar f f and to thiscollaris bolted a gear i .of left hand helix commonly called the second intermediate. gear, pref- "one direction and then in-the other. to re- -ci rocate the work table for the cutting and return strokes alternately All these shafts, e 7', g .and]t are journaled in the bed C of the planer. Shaft is provided with a thrusthearing gi and shaft k with a thrust bearing if to insureagainst endwise movement. Y

in, a clockwise idirection,.gearsj%,' f and f revolve in'a counter-clockwise dlrect on and;

Theworlr table D .resting'on its V?s (Z, (Z in the ways c ,-c respectively, may be moved by the gearing only in a direction at rlght .anglesto the several shafts, and thegears e and e meshing with the racks dfltl respectively, and the pinions f, f meshing with the gears e, e. respectively, are therefore held in l alinement and restrained against sidewise movement, that is in a direction parallel to as is caused by the backlash of the gearing.

Vhenthe pulley shafth revolves in a .1

counter-clockwise 7 direction as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 2, gears 5/ andg revolve gearsae andet revolve in ar clockwise direction drivingithe racks "d (Z and the work tablel) towardtherear endaof the planer, that is, in the direction. for the cutting stroke.v i a geargg toward the working-side of the planer butis unable to do so becausevofthez .;thrust bearingo gi, Pinion g,being"right Lhand,tends to ull gearf toward the working sideorrigt hand of the planer, and y j .doingsogreduees-the load carried'by pinion fland increases the load carried by pinion f Pinion 1 a, ein ea and, tends te.. uu

since the end thrust of pinion f exerted upon gear 6 mustbe greater than the end thrust exerted; upon gear 6 bypin'ion f by the V ,amountof end thrust exerted upon pinion g by] geanf "IheTati-os of the geardiameters and the helical angles of the gear are preferably made such that the endthrust of pinion f ris about 31} times, and that of pinion 7 about 47;" times, that of pinion 9. As a result of this difference,the load carrled by pinion 7, gear 0 and rack (Z is lessthan that carried bypinion 7, gear a and rack (Z in the proportion ind cated. p

:1, therefore, make pinion; 7, gear e and raclr'cZ -widerthan inion 1 ear 6 and rack-(Z as beforedescribed, sothat the load per inch of face carried by ea-ch ls the same and. so that the wear occurr ng upon each set ofgears will bethe same. The wider rack is placed under the working side of the table,,so that the greater driving force is applied to that side of :the'table on which the. workisu-sually placed, thus reducing the tendency ofthe cutting force to rotate vthetable upon ahorizontal plane.

During the cutting stroke, the action of the gearing lS SllCh fiS to tend to draw the table toward the workingside of the ma- ;ehine. However, 1t.1s usual'to employ the cutting tool Z2 in sucha way that itfee ds away, from the working side ofthe machineas the'work progresses. Underthese conditions the; side pressure of the tool tends topush thework and the work table to which it is fastened away from the working side of themachine. The tendency of the gearing to thrust the table toward the. workmg. side of themaclnne therefore serves only to counteractin part the tendency of the tool to thrust thetable away from this side.-, Obviously exact balancing of these sidethrusts is not possible underall conditions, because working conditions. and needs vary the side thrust caused by the working tool upon the work. their axes, except for. such slight movement Vith the alternatlve form .my invention Yshown in Figq 3, the Tracks d (l T are closer together than When'QthefOrm shown in Fig.2is used. lMeshing with these racks are two bull gears 6?, a, respectively, Gears fflaiidfi'fmesh withthe gears e 6 respectively. In this form of the device. f need ,not ber ofiithe special construction shown: in

Fig.2,but afunitary'gear fixed to the shaft F.

In 5 all other respects'the alternative con struction is the same as the form shown in Fig., 2.. 1 I, a 1 V as;v my invention and desire to .secure a by Letters Patent of the United .States:.-

1. A ,drive for a metalv planer, having .in combination, a planer tablehaving on its under side twohelical cutracks of opposite angle, helical gearing for. driving each of said racks, the anglesof said gears so 7 means for substantially balancingthe side thrust resulting from the normal pressure of the cutting tool on the work.

3. A drive for a metal planer, having in combination a planer table carrying on its under side a ri ht and a left hand rack driven respectively by a left and right hand helical gear,said gears driven respectively by a right and left hand helical pinion, to

which is fixed-a left hand helical gear driven by a right hand helical pinion, so arranged that the end thrust created by the said right hand helical pinion is transmitted through the gearing t0 the table, tending'to thrust it toward the working side of the machine.

4. A drive for a metal planer, having in combination, a planer table with two helical cut racks of opposite angle, the width of each of said racks proportioned to the pressure thereon, helical gearing for driving each of said racks, the angles of said gears so arranged that all unabsorbed end thrust will be so transmitted to the table as to tend to balance the normal side thrust of the cutting tool.

5. A drivefor a metal planer, having in combination, a planer table with two helical cut racks of opposite angle, helical gear ing for driving each of said racks, the right hand out rack gear and its rack being wider than the other, the angles of said gears so arranged that all unabsorbed end thrust will be so transmitted to the table as to tend to balance the normal side thrust of th cutting tool.

6. A drive for a metal planer, having in combination two helical cut racks on the work table of equal pitch and opposite angle, the one on the work side of the table wider than the other; a bull gearwith a face of suitable width, pitch and angle for each of said racks; a bull pinion with a face of suitable width, pitch and angle for each of said bull gears; a second intermediate helical cut gear rotatable with the bull pinion and of lesser angle; an intermediate pinion of suitable width, pitch and angle to mesh with said second intermediate'gear; a first intermediate helical cut gear rotatable'with said intermediate pinion; a drive pinion of suitable width, pitch and angle to mesh with a said first intermediate gear; and thrust bear-' ings for the ,drive shaft and first interme diate shafts. I

7. In combination with a helical cut gear drive for metal planers, two racks on the work table, one toward each side, of equal pitch but opposite angle, the widths of said racks being substantially proportional to the driving load carried by each. u a

8. In combination with a helical cut gear drive for metal planers, two racks on the work table, one toward each side, of equal pitch but opposite angle, the widths of said racks being substantially proportional to the driving load carried by each, the rack carrying the greater driving load being placed under the work side of the table.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

vWitnesses:

NORMA D. BERGER, CARL PHAREs.

FORREST bcARDULLo, 

